Energy harvesting and dynamic response of SMA nano conical panels with nanocomposite piezoelectric patch under moving load

Abstract

Nowadays, the application of advanced and intelligent materials such as piezoelectric, shape memory alloys (SMA), and multi-phase materials, are highly demanded, especially in self-powered energy structures. Therefore, to obtain maximum efficiency, it is crucial to study and analysis the mechanical behavior of the energy production rate of the employed materials. This research theoretically evaluated the impacts of moving load and the use of a piezoelectric patch on the level of energy harvesting and dynamic behavior of a Nano Conical Panel (NCP) made from SMA located on a frictional substrate using the First-order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT). Based on mixture rule, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) with smart properties are used to reinforce the piezoelectric patch. A two-phase nonlocal method was adopted to take nano-scale effects into account. Mechanical behaviors such as friction and torsional viscoelastic were considered for the foundation layer. To reproduce the pseudo-elastic characteristics of SMA, the Hernandez-Lagoudas model was employed. In addition to these, Integral Quadrature (IQ), Differential Quadrature (DQ), and Newmark methods were coupled together to solve the equations regarding the output voltage, electric power and dynamic deflection. The computational outcomes showed that by applying a positive voltage to a piezoelectric patch, the maximum strain, as well as the energy harvesting capacity of NCP, were increased. Placing the NCP on a frictional viscoelastic-torsional layer led to deteriorated peak values of dimensionless dynamic displacement and dimensionless voltage by about 50.3% and 44.5%, respectively, compared with those of the system without the medium. At load resistance of 400 nano ohm, increasing the moving load velocity to 6.5 nm/ns, piezoelectric patch length to NCP length ratio up to 0.5, and applying CFCF boundary conditions led to enhancement of maximum output power by 30%, 88.3%, and 377%, respectively. Also, increasing the weight fraction of Boron Nitride Nanotubes (BNNT) up to 0.4% in the piezoelectric layer was found to be a suitable strategy to simultaneously decrease the dimensionless dynamic displacement and enhance dimensionless voltage by 23.4% and 21%, respectively.