Energy efficient solutions of passive air exchange in architecture of high-rise buildings

Abstract

The development of passive air exchange in tall buildings is relevant in connection with the peculiarities of their architectural and planning decisions. Thus, the tendency to increase the proportion of glazing of facades in modern high-rise buildings leads to an increase in power capacity for air conditioning, which can reach 100%. In addition, the traditional ventilation of rooms in tall buildings through open windows is impossible due to the high pressure of the outside air. These and other factors create special requirements for the design of air exchange in high-rise buildings and contribute to the search for modern energy-efficient solutions.The passive air exchange is based on natural laws and phenomena, which significantly reduces the costs of operating such systems. In the article, based on the examples of solutions, the analysis of the world history experience of passive air exchange in buildings is done. The current experience of architectural solutions based on passive techniques of internal air exchange includes the latest facade systems, the design of atriums with the function of air exchange, the formation of a building taking into account the optimization of the collection of air, and others.Integration of passive air exchange solutions to the energy efficient high-rise building is used within the framework of the KNUBA research project when designing a kilometer skyscraper Biotecton. The project solution provides the acquisition of clean and cool air from the higher level of tech- nical floors, where the wind generators are located. Air distribution scheme of the building using passive air exchange based on the temperature difference between the upper and lower floors. Accepted parameters of temperature decrease with each kilometer from the ground surface 6 -7 ° C. Calculations confirmed the possibility of natural ventilation of rooms through a slight gain with a help of the mechanical devices. To improve the quality of air supply, a system of green gardens is used, which spiral along the height of the building.