Abstract
Threats due to insufficient, inadequate and costlier methods of treating contaminants such as arsenic have emphasized the significance of optimizing and managing the processes adopted. This study was aimed at the complete elimination of arsenic from an aqueous medium with minimum energy consumption using the electrocoagulation process. Arsenic removal around 95% was rapidly attained for optimized conditions having a pH of 7, 0.46 A current intensity, 10 mg/L initial concentration and only 2 min of applied time duration using the energy of 3.1 watt-hour per gram of arsenic removed. Low values of applied current for longer durations resulted in the complete removal of arsenic with low energy consumption. Various hydroxide complexes including ferrous hydroxide and ferric hydroxide assisted in the removal of arsenic by adsorption along with co-precipitation. Surface models obtained were checked and found with a reasonably good fit having high values of coefficient of determination of 0.933 and 0.980 for removal efficiency and energy consumption, respectively. Adsorption was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. Multivariate optimization proved it as a low-cost effective technology having an operational cost of 0.0974 Indian rupees (equivalent to USD 0.0013) per gram removal of arsenic. Overall, the process was well optimized using CCD based on response surface methodology.
Highlights
Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous element naturally occurring and widely dispersed inside the earth’s crust
Rapid removal of arsenic with low energy consumption was successfully achieved by optimizing the electrocoagulation process using central composite design (CCD) based on response surface methodology
The surface models obtained for removal efficiency and energy consumption were found with a reasonable good fit, having high values of coefficient of determination of 0.93 and 0.98, respectively
Summary
Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous element naturally occurring and widely dispersed inside the earth’s crust. It enters the water reserves due to various natural processes such as mineral dissolutions, weathering of rocks and anthropogenic undertakings such as manufacturing, mining and agriculture [1]. Almost 140 million people all around the globe have been affected by arsenic, most of them from. The situation and scenario in several states of India, West Bengal and almost the entirety of Bangladesh, are highly disturbing. Ingesting inorganic arsenic is known for causing cancers related to skin, lungs and urinary bladder, besides other non-cancerous effects. To minimize arsenic-related health problems, most of the regulatory authorities recommended a more stringent limit of 10 μg/L in drinking water supplies [3]
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