Abstract
Objectives: To verify the energy efficiency operation of electrified trains on the certain metro line, in Vietnam by combining two solutions to recover regenerative braking energy with on-board supercapacitors and tracking the optimal speed profile. Methods: This study proposes an integrated optimization method: applying Pontryagin\'s maximum principle (PMP) finds the optimal speed profile with fixed running time and recuperating regenerative braking energy by designing the control method — Current Mode Control (CMC) to manage charge/discharge process of the on-board supercapacitor energy storage system (SCESS) tracking the optimal speed profile. Findings: With this approach, a considerable reduction in consuming energy obtained for Cat Linh-Ha Dong metro line, Vietnam has been verified by simulation results on MATLAB and MAPLE software indicating that applying PMP, the highest operation energy saving is 10.15%, but if both solutions PMP and SCESS are applied, the energy saving level increases up to 14.7% in comparison with simulation results of the case of original speed profile. Novelty: Combining two energy saving solutions simultaneously: applying PMP to determine the optimal speed profile and using super-capacitors with CMC algorithm have recuperated the regenerative braking energy. The level of energy saving is higher than other saving solutions. Keywords Pontryagin\'s Maximum Principle, Supercapacitor Energy Storage System, Current Mode Control, EnergyEfficiency Operation, Timetable Optimization
Highlights
While subway systems, as an important part of urban transport, carry passengers to their destination safely, quickly, and conveniently, they consume a lot of energy; namely, 40% to 50% of the total energy consumed is for traction power[1]
Use stationary ultra-capacitor storage device for improving energy saving and voltage profile of light transportation networks; reversible substations [17,18]; maximizing the regenerative energy exchange between trains by synchronizing their accelerating and braking phases as much as possible [19,20,21], Fathy Ahmed et al [22]applied parasitism-predation algorithm (PPA) in the energy management strategy for hybrid photovoltaic/fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor to minimize the hydrogen consumption of fuel cell; Jamadar Najimudin et al [23] developed regenerative braking system (RBS) and braking energy management techniques, considering different driving situations and road conditions which employed in addition to mechanical braking for increasing the braking efficiency of the electric vehicle system
In the part 3, utilizing Pontryagin’s maximum principle (PMP) computing optimal switching points of operation modes of speed trajectory applies for the train model recuperating regenerative braking energy by the onboard supercapacitor energy storage system
Summary
As an important part of urban transport, carry passengers to their destination safely, quickly, and conveniently, they consume a lot of energy; namely, 40% to 50% of the total energy consumed is for traction power[1]. Use stationary ultra-capacitor storage device for improving energy saving and voltage profile of light transportation networks; reversible substations [17,18]; maximizing the regenerative energy exchange between trains by synchronizing their accelerating and braking phases as much as possible [19,20,21], Fathy Ahmed et al [22]applied parasitism-predation algorithm (PPA) in the energy management strategy for hybrid photovoltaic/fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor to minimize the hydrogen consumption of fuel cell; Jamadar Najimudin et al [23] developed regenerative braking system (RBS) and braking energy management techniques, considering different driving situations and road conditions which employed in addition to mechanical braking for increasing the braking efficiency of the electric vehicle system Another energy saving approach which has attracted more attention from experts is to find optimal speed profile by two methods: the Mathematical and Optimal theory (Maximum principle, Dynamic programming, Linear programming); the other one is the Computational Intelligence (Fuzzy neural networks, Genetic Algorithm, Predictive control, Colony Optimization Algorithm) [24,25,26]. In this paper, a combined approach between the optimal control theory-Pontryagin’s maximum principle determining the optimal speed profile, fixed running time and the onboard supercapacitor energy storage system recuperating regenerative braking energy with charging or discharging of SCESS tracking the optimal speed profile is proposed
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