Abstract
consumption is one of the main limiting factors for designing and deploying ultrascale systems. Therefore, this paper presents challenges and trends associated with energy efficiency for ultrascale systems based on current activities of the working group on Energy Efficiency in the European COST Action Nesus IC1305. The analysis contains major areas that are related to studies of energy efficiency in ultrascale systems: heterogeneous and low power hardware architectures, power monitoring at large scale, modeling and simulation of ultrascale systems, energy-aware scheduling and resource management, and energy-efficient application design.
Highlights
Energy consumption is one of the main limiting factors for designing and deploying Ultrascale systems
The Intel Running Average Power Limit (RAPL) interface reports per-package estimates of total energy consumed on Intel Sandy Bridge CPUs and later; the Nvidia Management Library (NVML) interface can query instant power draw values from recent Nvidia Tesla Graphics Processing Units (GPUs); some motherboards report power draw value through extensions to the Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI)
Green 500 and Green Graph 500 are mainly relevant in the domain of scientific computing, but what about most of data centers? One fact is that GPU accelerators can be considered as valuable accelerators but they still need a larger adoption, especially in industrial and business applications
Summary
Energy consumption is one of the main limiting factors for designing and deploying Ultrascale systems. Moving from pure performance goals to energy consumption and thermal issues For all these areas modeling and simulation techniques are needed to analyse energy efficiency of hardware, applications and whole computing systems at ultrascale level. Future Ultrascale Computing Systems (UCSs) are envisioned as hybrid systems composed of heterogeneous resources and platforms ranging from ”traditional” High Performance Computing (HPC) systems, CC infrastructures and ultra low-power computing systems Another reason for this tendency toward an heterogeneous design is that there is no single approach which is optimal for all computing needs. At an intermediate level (between software and hardware), virtualization is emerging as the prominent approach to mutualize the energy consumed by a single server running multiple Virtual Machines (VMs) instances This approach, commonly designated as Cloud Computing (CC) [17, 87] is increasingly advertised as THE solution to most IT problems.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have