Abstract
Massive multiple-input multiple-output or massive MIMO system has great potential for 5th generation (5G) wireless communication systems as it is capable of providing game-changing enhancements in area throughput and energy efficiency (EE). This work proposes a realistic and practically implementable EE model for massive MIMO systems while a general and canonical system model is used for single-cell scenario. Linear processing schemes are used for detection and precoding, i.e., minimum mean squared error (MMSE), zero-forcing (ZF), and maximum ratio transmission (MRT/MRC). Moreover, a power dissipation model is proposed that considers overall power consumption in uplink and downlink communications. The proposed model includes the total power consumed by power amplifier and circuit components at the base station (BS) and single antenna user equipment (UE). An optimal number of BS antennas to serve total UEs and the overall transmitted power are also computed. The simulation results confirm considerable improvements in the gain of area throughput and EE, and it also shows that the optimum area throughput and EE can be realized wherein a larger number of antenna arrays at BS are installed for serving a greater number of UEs.
Highlights
Introduction and Related StudiesIn existing 3G and 4G standards, base station (BS) allows only up to 8 antenna ports
The definition of massive MIMO in [1] supposed the ration of M and N ≫ 1, while in [2, 3], the ratio has been taken as a small constant value
The total power consumption is the summation of power dissipated by a power amplifier (PA) and consumed by circuit components [24], as our goal is the proposition of a power distribution model to elevate the EE based upon data rates
Summary
Introduction and Related StudiesIn existing 3G and 4G standards, BS allows only up to 8 antenna ports. Massive MIMO systems are multicarrier systems with “L” cells that use time division duplex operation protocol In this system, to realize channel hardening, BS is prepared with M number of antennas where each BS communicate with N number of UEs instantaneously. Realizing unbounded EE is impossible because the system model does not consider the power expended by analog circuits (for radio frequency (RF) and baseband processing) and signal processing that raises linearly with M and N. It can be taken as constant only in massive MIMO setups where values of M and N are comparatively small, while its changeability can be observed in massive MIMO systems in which, (M, N ≫ 1). We have considered a canonical massive MIMO system model that
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