Abstract
Recently, cellular networks’ energy efficiency has garnered research interest from academia and industry because of its considerable economic and ecological effects in the near future. This study proposes an approach to cooperation between the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and next-generation wireless networks. The fifth-generation (5G) wireless network aims to negotiate a trade-off between wireless network performance (sustaining the demand for high speed packet rates during busy traffic periods) and energy efficiency (EE) by alternating 5G base stations’ (BSs) switching off/on based on the traffic instantaneous load condition and, at the same time, guaranteeing network coverage for mobile subscribers by the remaining active LTE BSs. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to determine the optimum criteria of the active LTE BSs (transmission power, total antenna gain, spectrum/channel bandwidth, and signal-to-interference-noise ratio) that achieves maximum coverage for the entire area during the switch-off session of 5G BSs. Simulation results indicate that the energy savings can reach 3.52 kW per day, with a maximum data rate of up to 22.4 Gbps at peak traffic hours and 80.64 Mbps during a 5G BS switched-off session along with guaranteed full coverage over the entire region by the remaining active LTE BSs.
Highlights
Cellular networks are one of the most important technological innovations witnessed in recent times, improving the quality of human life and contributing to economic growth
The number of mobile subscribers will increase exponentially due to continuous development of cellular networks, the advent of the fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks, and the Internet of Things (IoT), which is considered the backbone of emerging applications, moving the telecommunications forward to contribute to quality of life and grow the world’s economy [3]
base stations’ (BSs) are switched off based on the under constraints, the optimization issue during the period when 5G BSs are switched off based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) under transmission power of the BS, the total antenna gains, the flexible
Summary
Cellular networks are one of the most important technological innovations witnessed in recent times, improving the quality of human life and contributing to economic growth. Cellular networks have developed tremendously to offer video streaming data, which explains the rapid growth in mobile subscribers [1]. Expected growth growth of growth and and the the percentage percentage of of each each type type of of data The because this technology will provide personal mobile service service and massive machine because this technology will not personal communications[4]. 5G5G is not intended to replace the legacy of cellular networks but rather rather to enhance and support it to provide superior performance of cellular networks (CNs). To enhance and support it to provide superior performance of cellular networks (CNs) [5]. The goal of green communication is to enhance the EE of systems can be made meaningful with a comprehensive evaluation of energy savings and performance. For further information on green wireless communications network, see [9,10,11,12]
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