Energy cycle and bound of Qi chaotic system

Abstract

The Qi chaotic system is transformed into a Kolmogorov-type system, thereby facilitating the analysis of energy exchange in its different forms. Regarding four forms of energy, the vector field of this chaotic system is decomposed into four forms of torque: inertial, internal, dissipative, and external. The rate of change of the Casimir function is equal to the exchange power between the dissipative energy and the supplied energy. The exchange power governs the orbital behavior and the cycling of energy. With the rate of change of Casimir function, a general bound and least upper bound of the Qi chaotic attractor are proposed. A detailed analysis with illustrations is conducted to uncover insights, in particular, cycling among the different types of energy for this chaotic attractor and key factors producing the different types of dynamic modes.