Abstract
In this paper we study energy cost saving strategies in power networks in presence of prosumers. Three tips are considered: (i) distributed power network architecture, (ii) peak energy shaving with the integration of prosumers’ contribution, (iii) Electric vehicles self-charging by means of prosumers’ production. The proposed distributed power network architecture reduces significantly the transmission costs and can reduce significantly the global energy cost up to 42 percent. Different types of prosumer who use self-charging photovoltaic systems, are able to intelligently buy energy from, or sell it, to the power grid. Therein, prosumers interact in a distributed environment during the purchase or sale of electric power using a double auction with negotiation mechanism. Using a two-step combined learning and optimization scheme, each prosumer can learn its optimal bidding strategy and forecast its energy production, consumption and storage. Our simulation results, conducted for the region of Sicily in Italy, show that the integration of prosumers can reduce peak hour costs up to 19 percent and 6 percent for eligible prosumers with electric vehicles.
Highlights
The electric price is very cheap compared to other energy production sources
Charging an Electric vehicles (EVs) through a level 2 (220 to 240 volt circuit) adds 10 to 20 miles of range per hour according to the U.S Department of Energy (DOE) and to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) [1]-[3]
The solution we propose is that power prosumers (Figure 1) could exploit self-charging photovoltaic system for reducing the peak energy consumption and help to reduce the peak energy demand in a distributed power network
Summary
The electric price is very cheap compared to other energy production sources. As gasoline prices increase, alternative fuels appeal more to vehicle fleet managers and consumers. In [4] the authors develop a strategy to coordinate the charging of autonomous plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) using a concept of non cooperative games where they force people to pay the electricity even if they do not consume. This has been done by introducing an artificial price, called local penalty cost, in other to stabilize the global system. At the power market layer, we consider a multi-stage negotiation system through which the energy produced by micro-grids (at various tiers) are auctioned to/by the prosumers. The BGM balances the supply and the demand of electricity between a producer and a consumer who have submitted a similar bid
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