Abstract
With the introduction of electric vehicles in the automobile market, limited information is available on how the battery’s energy consumption is distributed. This paper focuses on the energy consumption of the vehicle when the heating and cooling system is in operation. On average, 18 and 14% for the battery’s energy capacity is allocated to heating and cooling requirements, respectively. The conventional internal combustion engine vehicle uses waste heat from its engine to provide for passenger thermal requirements at no cost to the vehicle’s propulsion energy demands. However, the electric vehicle cannot avail of this luxury to recycle waste heat. In order to reduce the energy consumed by the climate control system, an analysis of the temperature profile of a vehicle’s cabin space under various weather conditions is required. The present study presents a temperature predicting algorithm to predict temperature under various weather conditions. Previous studies have limited consideration to the fluctuation of solar radiation space heating to a vehicle’s cabin space. This model predicts solar space heating with a mean bias error and root mean square error of 0.26 and 0.57°C, respectively. This temperature predicting model can potentially be developed with further research to predict the energy required by the vehicle’s primary lithium-ion battery to heat and cool the vehicle’s cabin space. Thus, this model may be used in a route planning application to reduce range anxiety when drivers undertake a journey under various ambient weather conditions while optimising the energy consumption of the electric vehicle.
Highlights
The thermal analysis of a cabin space can be used for various reasons. Chang et al (2018) present a thermal analysis to determine the air quality of a cabin space and the level of exposure a driver has to CO2 as temperatures in the cabin increase
The electric vehicle (EV) cannot avail of waste heat from a combustion engine to heat the cabin space similar to the conventional fossil-fuelled vehicle; energy must be provided resulting in an increase in energy consumption
The heating thermal model was applied under two experimental conditions: first, the model was applied when the test vehicle, Renault Zoe EV, was stationary and exposed to solar radiation and real world outside ambient conditions; and second, two-200 W auxiliary fan heaters were installed into the cabin space under nocturnal conditions
Summary
The thermal analysis of a cabin space can be used for various reasons. Chang et al (2018) present a thermal analysis to determine the air quality of a cabin space and the level of exposure a driver has to CO2 as temperatures in the cabin increase. To accurately predict radiation heat loads, the present research expands a previously developed solar model to locate the sun’s position in the sky in relation to the stationary vehicle to calculate the effect of solar irradiance on cabin space temperature.
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