Energy balancing zone-based cluster head approach to avoid energy hole problem in wireless sensor network

Abstract

In wireless sensor network, the nodes near the sink will act as relay nodes, which carry heavy traffic compared to other nodes in the network. Due to this imbalance load communication, the nodes near to the sink will lose energy faster that leads to an energy hole problem. In this paper, we propose an energy balancing zone-based cluster head (EBZNCH) approach in which conical clustering area is divided into concentric rings called coronas. Each corona is further divided into equal zones of non-uniform distribution of nodes called homogenous clusters. A mathematical model is designed to maintain homogenous clusters of the same area by deriving a relationship between the width of the concentric rings and a mixed routing with load balancing strategy, which is used to balance the transmission energy of CHs. The simulation result demonstrates that the proposed scheme outperforms many existing cluster head rotation schemes such as HEED, LEACH, EBCAG and multihop transmission schemes.