Abstract
The character of temperature and moisture gradients in the atmospheric surface layer is shown to be related to the intensity of visual distortions or blurring of images routinely detected by electro-optical systems and sensors. The authors are able to make quantitative approximations of the optical turbulence effect as represented by the refractive-index structure parameter C n 2 . Through the application of Monin-Obukhov similarity, the magnitudes of potential temperature and specific humidity gradients are determined using values of sensible and latent heat fluxes estimated from a semiempirical radiation and energy balance model. The model is constrained to require a minimum number of conventional meteorological inputs at a specific reference level (i.e., 2 m)
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