Energy balance and greenhouse gas emissions of biodiesel production from oil derived from wastewater and wastewater sludge

Greenhouse gas emissions and energy balance of biodiesel production from microalgae cultivated in photobioreactors in Denmark: a life-cycle modeling

Environmental load assessment for an integrated design of microalgae system of palm oil mill in Indonesia

This study presents a cradle‐to‐gate assessment of the energy balances and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Indonesian palm oil biodiesel production, including the stages of land‐use change (LUC), agricultural phase, transportation, milling, biodiesel processing, and comparing the results from different farming systems, including company plantations and smallholder plantations (either out growers or independent growers) in different locations in Kalimantan and Sumatra of Indonesia. The findings demonstrate that there are considerable differences between the farming systems and the locations in net energy yields (43.6–49.2 GJ t−1 biodiesel yr−1) as well as GHG emissions (1969.6–5626.4 kg CO2eq t−1 biodiesel yr−1). The output to input ratios are positive in all cases. The largest GHG emissions result from LUC effects, followed by the transesterification, fertilizer production, agricultural production processes, milling, and transportation. Ecosystem carbon payback times range from 11 to 42 years.

The biodiesel (B100) production starting from the plantation, crushing mill and biodiesel plant can generate high amount of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission which is harmful to the global environment. To reduce the GHG emission, an efficient managing strategy of the entire production process must be introduced. This paper presents a case study of the GHG emission analysis in Trang, Krabi and Chumporn province in 2013. The entire year data of each activity such as amount of energy, fertilizer and herbicides used, main product, residues produced in oil palm plantation, milling and biodiesel plant were analyzed and calculated by the basis of Gate to Gate. The result shows that the production process in the plantation generates the GHG emission of-0.54 ton CO2-eq /ton FFB while the GHG emitted from the crushing mill is at-2.89 ton CO2-eq /ton RPO and from the biodiesel plant is at-2.30 kg CO2-eq /liter B100.These calculated values show that the biodiesel production can alleviate the greenhouse effect. If the bio solid residues are used as a mixture for fertilizer and the wastewater is used to produce the biogas to generate electricity, the GHG emission can then be reduced.

Design and techno-economic evaluation of microbial oil production as a renewable resource for biodiesel and oleochemical production

Life cycle energy consumption and environmental assessment for utilizing biofuels in the development of a sustainable transportation system in Ethiopia

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The aim of this study is to evaluate the land requirement, energy consumption and GHG (greenhouse gases) emissions of microalgal biodiesel (M-BD) and Jatropha <i>curcas</i> seeds (J-BD) based biodiesel from the perspective of life cycle assessment (LCA).</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Mass and energy balance was used through the whole LCA calculation for each process. Two types of biodiesel (100% biodiesel: BD100, and 20% blends of biodiesel: BD20) were assumed to be combusted in the suitable diesel engine. Displacement method was adopted to measure the co-products credits.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The results showed that the land requirement of producing 1 kg biodiesel from microalgae was about 1/31 of that from Jatropha <i>curcas</i> seeds. The well to pump (WTP) stage for microalgal biodiesel had higher fossil energy requirement but lower petroleum energy consumption and GHG emissions compared to Jatropha <i>curcas</i> and conventional diesel (CD). The WTP energy efficiency for J-BD100 and M-BD 100 were 26% and 17.4%, respectively. The feedstock growing stage of microalgae and Jatropha <i>curcas</i> was found to be the most fossil energy-intensive stage. The WTW results showed good performance for MBD100 on petroleum consumption and GHG emissions. The high fossil energy use for microalgae BD100 was attributed to the large inputs for microalgae growth, including fertilizer and process fuels. Among feedstock, fuel and vehicle operation, the vehicle operation stage had no contribution to BD100, but had great contribution to BD20 blends. At the current technology situation, microalgae based biodiesel should break through many obstacles to make algal based biodiesel more feasible in the future.</div></div>

Energy balance for biodiesel production processes using microbial oil and scum

Bioconversion of industrial wastewater and wastewater sludge into Bacillus thuringiensis based biopesticides in pilot fermentor

Electrons transfer determined greenhouse gas emissions in enhanced nitrogen-removal constructed wetlands with different carbon sources and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios

This study presents a life-cycleanalysis of greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions of biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) and renewable diesel(RD, or hydroprocessed easters and fatty acids) production from oilseedcrops, distillers corn oil, used cooking oil, and tallow. Updateddata for biofuel production and waste fat rendering were collectedthrough industry surveys. Life-cycle GHG emissions reductions forproducing biodiesel and RD from soybean, canola, and carinata oilsrange from 40% to 69% after considering land-use change estimations,compared with petroleum diesel. Converting tallow, used cooking oil,and distillers corn oil to biodiesel and RD could achieve higher GHGreductions of 79% to 86% lower than petroleum diesel. The biodieselroute has lower GHG emissions for oilseed-based pathways than theRD route because transesterification is less energy-intensive thanhydro-processing. In contrast, processing feedstocks with high freefatty acid such as tallow via the biodiesel route results in slightlyhigher GHG emissions than the RD route, mainly due to higher energyuse for pretreatment. Besides land-use change and allocation methods,key factors driving biodiesel and RD life-cycle GHG emissions includefertilizer use and nitrous oxide emissions for crop farming, energyuse for grease rendering, and energy and chemicals input for biofuelconversion.

Greenhouse gas emissions and energy balance of palm oil biofuel

8 - Biodiesel production from microbial oil

Modelling the effect on chronic disease health of changing food prices based on greenhouse gas emissions

Quantitative accounting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has become an important global focus. GHG emissions from the waste sector have high potential in GHG emissions reduction. We analyzed the GHG emissions inventory in the waste sector of the European Union, Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and Canada from 1990 to 2019. Landfill disposal was the main category of GHGs from the waste sector, with a contribution rate between 69% and 95%. Landfill disposal also played a prominent role in emission reduction, with a contribution rate higher than 86%. GHG emissions from landfill sites in China were calculated using the inventory analysis method recommended by the IPCC and combined with actual situations. The results showed that the highest GHG emissions from landfill disposal in China occurred in 2020, with an estimated 165 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent. In 2019, the per capita GHG emissions from landfill sites in China was 117 kg CO2 equivalent/person, which was higher than Germany (87 kg CO2 equivalent/person) but lower than the European Union (189 kg CO2 equivalent/person).