Abstract
Energy Balance and Green House Gas Emisson on Smallholder Java Coffee Production at Slopes Ijen Raung Plateau of Indonesia
Highlights
Coffee is one of Indonesia’s foreign exchange earners and plays an important role in the development of the plantation industry
1 kg pesticides is equal to 11,025 kg CO2-eq (Pehnelt el al., 2012)
The solid waste was majorly composed of coffee husk for both kinds of coffee. This stage includes the treatment of pesticides on the Arabica and Robusta coffee plantations, which produced the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 16.4 kg CO2eq ha-1 and 102.53 kg CO2eq ha-1 respectively, and spray engine fuel emissions of 4874.81 g CO2eq t-1,80.13 g NO2 t-1, 1.74 g SO2 t-1 and 10247.23 gCO2-eq t-1, 168.45 g NO2 t-1, 3.65 g SO2 t-1, respectively
Summary
Coffee is one of Indonesia’s foreign exchange earners and plays an important role in the development of the plantation industry. In. 2010, the area of coffee plantations in Indonesia reached 1,210,000 hectares with a production of 686,920 tons, exports of 433,600 tons with a value of 814.3 million USD. Data from the Ministry of Environment of Indonesia (2012) shown that the growth average of coffee area increased by 0,25%; total production by 0.2%; export volume increase by 13.31% and export value Coffee by 12.61% in period of year 2007 until 2010. This data stated that in year 2012, total areas of coffee plantation reached 13,510 ha which spread-out across provinces of
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