Abstract
Due to the Internet of Things (IoT) requirements for a high-density network with low-cost and low-power physical (PHY) layer design, the low-power budget transceiver systems have drawn momentous attention lately owing to their superior performance enhancement in both energy efficiency and hardware complexity reduction. As the power budget of the classical transceivers is envisioned by using inefficient linear power amplifiers (PAs) at the transmitter (TX) side and by applying high-resolution analog to digital converters (ADCs) at the receiver (RX) side, the transceiver architectures with low-cost PHY layer design (i.e., nonlinear PA at the TX and one-bit ADC at the RX) are mandated to cope with the vast IoT applications. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the orthogonal shaping pulses minimum shift keying (OSP-MSK) as a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) modulation/demodulation scheme in order to design the low-cost transceiver architectures associated with the IoT devices. The OSP-MSK fulfills a low-power budget by using constant envelope modulation (CEM) techniques at the TX side, and by applying a low-resolution one-bit ADC at the RX side. Furthermore, the OSP-MSK provides a higher spectral efficiency compared to the recently introduced MIMO-CEM with the one-bit ADC. In this context, the orthogonality between the in-phase and quadrature-phase components of the OSP are exploited to increase the number of transmitted bits per symbol (bps) without the need for extra bandwidth. The performance of the proposed scheme is investigated analytically and via Monte Carlo simulations. For the mathematical analysis, we derive closed-form expressions for assessing the average bit error rate (ABER) performance of the OSP-MSK modulation in conjunction with Rayleigh and Nakagami-m fading channels. Moreover, a closed-form expression for evaluating the power spectral density (PSD) of the proposed scheme is obtained as well. The simulation results corroborate the potency of the conducted analysis by revealing a high consistency with the obtained analytical formulas.
Highlights
The dawn of the Internet of Things (IoT) has intensified the research efforts to fulfill the escalating demand for low-power budget wireless transceiver systems
The use of the coherent demodulation along with the one-bit analog to digital converters (ADCs) at the RX side of the orthogonal shaping pulses minimum shift keying (OSP-minimum shift keying (MSK)) eliminates the need for the complex maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) equalizer mandated at the RX side of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-constant envelope modulation (CEM) system [21,22,23,24,25]
A closed form expression for the power spectral density (PSD) of the OSP-MSK is analytically derived to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed OSP-MSK in boosting the spectral efficiency compared to the MIMO-CEM
Summary
The dawn of the Internet of Things (IoT) has intensified the research efforts to fulfill the escalating demand for low-power budget wireless transceiver systems. The OSP-MSK is a low-power and low-complexity MIMO scheme that introduces a higher spectral efficiency than the MIMO-CEM by increasing the number of bits per symbol (bps) without additional bandwidth. It should be noted here that the use of low-resolution one-bit ADCs to detect the in-phase and the quadrature-phase components at the RX side of the OSP-MSK removes most of the analog stages (e.g., automatic gain control circuit (AGC), analog filters, etc.). The use of the coherent demodulation along with the one-bit ADCs at the RX side of the OSP-MSK eliminates the need for the complex maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) equalizer mandated at the RX side of the MIMO-CEM system [21,22,23,24,25]. With the OSP-MSK modulation, a worthwhile reduction in both the power consumption and the hardware complexity is achieved over the MIMO-CEM system
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