Abstract
According to the Malaysia’s biofuel policy, renewable fuels are crucial for energy sustainability in the transportation sector in the future. This study was aimed to evaluate the potential of bioethanol production from Sri Kanji 1 cassava in Malaysia in terms of energy efficiency and renewability, as well to estimate the potential greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction in CO2 equivalent. Bioethanol production process from cassava includes cassava farming, ethanol production, and transportation in which the primary energy consumption was considered. The Net Energy Balance (NEB) and Net Energy Ratio (NER) of 25.68 MJ/L and 3.98, respectively, indicated that bioethanol production from Sri Kanji 1 cassava in Malaysia was energy efficient. From the environmental perspective, the GHG balance results revealed that the production and distribution of 1 L of Cassava Fuel Ethanol (CFE) could reduce GHG emissions by 73.2%. Although found promising in the present study, Sri Kanji 1 cassava as bioethanol feedstock should be further investigated by constructing an actual ethanol plant to obtain real life data.
Highlights
The main source of energy in Malaysia was oil until the energy crisis in the late 1970’s
This study was aimed to evaluate the potential of bioethanol production from Sri Kanji 1 cassava in Malaysia in terms of energy efficiency and renewability, as well to estimate the potential greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction in CO2 equivalent
The efficiency of a given bioethanol system is determined through the differences between the bioethanol energy content and the fossil fuels consumed in the production process
Summary
The main source of energy in Malaysia was oil until the energy crisis in the late 1970’s. This has urged the Malaysian government to search for alternative resources such as natural gas, coal, and hydro. In 2006, Malaysia made ample efforts to research and develop biodiesel as an alternative to fossil-diesel fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines (Masjuki et al, 2006; Kalam et al, 2008; Husnawan et al, 2009a and b; Jayed et al, 2011; Ong et al, 2012; Silitonga et al, 2013; Ong et al, 2014). Later the policy of increasing biodiesel inclusion was put on hold
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