Energy analysis of a hydrogen integrated system in the residential sector

Abstract

Nowadays, buildings are responsible for almost 40% of global energy consumption, which is addressed by thermal (e.g., heating, cooling, and hot water) and electric (e.g., lighting and household appliances) loads. To meet the residential energy demand and, at the same time, ensure the decarbonisation of the energy infrastructure, hydrogen-based cogeneration systems might represent a viable solution. This work aims at evaluating the performance of a green hydrogen integrated system consisting of a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyser, hydrogen storage tanks, and a PEM fuel cell to meet both the electricity and, partially, the thermal energy demands of a condominium located in the center of Italy. The analysis considers a single energy scenario in which a Photovoltaic (PV) plant installed on the roof is directly connected with the hydrogen integrated system without any withdrawal from the national grid (e.g., off-grid operation mode). Results showed that, during the year, the user is completely self-sufficient from the electricity demand point of view. Furthermore, 22% of the thermal need can be satisfied through the fuel cell cogeneration system.