Abstract
The forehand loop drive is one of the primary attacking techniques in table tennis and is practiced at a large volume during training. The aim of this study was to investigate the energetic profile of the high-repetition forehand loop drive practice in table tennis. Twenty-six well-trained, young table tennis players performed a treadmill graded exercise test to determine their peak oxygen uptake as a measure of overall cardiorespiratory fitness and an incremental table tennis stroke test with 3-min intervals during the forehand loop drive with a ball-throwing robot at a frequency of 35 to 85 strokes∙min−1. Pulmonary and blood parameters were measured and analyzed with a portable spirometry system and a blood lactate analyzer. Energy contributions were calculated from aerobic, anaerobic lactic, and anaerobic alactic pathways for each stroke frequency. Energy cost was defined as the amount of energy expended above resting levels for one stroke. Repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) with the stroke frequency (35,45,55,65,75, or 85 strokes/min−1) as a within-subject factor were performed for the dependent variables. A Power regression was performed for the energy cost as a function of the stroke frequency. Findings demonstrated a function of Y = 91.566·x−0.601 where Y is the energy cost and x is the stroke frequency, R2 = 0.9538. The energy cost decreased at higher stroke frequencies. The energy contributions from aerobic, anaerobic lactic, and anaerobic alactic pathways at each stroke frequency ranged from 79.4%–85.2%, 0.6%–2.1%, and 12.9%–20.0%, respectively. In conclusion, the energy cost of the forehand loop drive decreased at higher stroke frequencies. The high-repetition forehand loop drive practice was aerobic dominant and the anaerobic alactic system played a vital role.
Highlights
Table tennis is a complex skill that involves a repeated combination of acceleration, deceleration, changing of direction, and balance control in order to produce the optimal strokes [1]
Twenty-six healthy well-trained young table tennis players from the China Table Tennis College volunteered to participate in this study (Table 1)
Our results partially rejected the hypothesis given that the energy cost declined as the stroke frequency increased
Summary
Table tennis is a complex skill that involves a repeated combination of acceleration, deceleration, changing of direction, and balance control in order to produce the optimal strokes [1]. Skilled performers require many years of practice to acquire the techniques needed for success in competitive matches. Table tennis movements can be divided into two parts: footwork and stroke. Footwork involves different movement types (e.g., one step, short steps, and crossover), which are performed at varying frequencies and with great agility [2]. The stroke involves diverse sport-specific techniques (e.g., drive, chop, and block), and is performed at varying frequencies with different types of spin placed on the ball [3]. Among the most important table tennis technique is the forehand loop drive since it is
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