Abstract
Global electric energy demand is constantly growing, consequently leading towards the usage of renewable energy sources reducing pollution and increasing sustainability. The ocean is a poorly explored renewable energy source; thus, to evaluate the Brazilian wave energy budget, this study investigated the mean behaviour of the wave power rate on the south-southeastern Brazilian Shelf as well as analysed the temporal variability of the wave power rate at the most energetic locations near the coast. Three locations were examined, namely Laguna, Ilhabela and Farol Island, based on the criteria of high means and small standard deviations. The mean wave power rate was approximately 9 . 08 k W / m on Laguna, 10 . 01 k W / m on Ilhabela and 15 . 93 k W / m on Farol Island. The standard deviation identified in the three locations reached values of 6 . 47 k W / m on Laguna, 7 . 59 k W / m on Ilhabela and 13 . 51 k W / m on Farol Island. Temporal variability analysis was conducted through wavelet analysis. The results show a dominant yearly cycle with a background presence of synoptic cycles, with little deviation between the locations. The El Niño southern oscillation plays a minor role on the energy spectrum of Laguna and does not have a significant influence on Ilhabela and Farol Island.
Highlights
Electrical energy has become essential for humanity and the demand of this resource grows rapidly
The present study focused on the theoretical wave energy availability along the south-southeastern Brazilian Shelf (SSBS)
Spatial and temporal variability of wave power and wind intensity were investigated using wavelet analysis that was conducted following the methods of Torrence and Compo [50] and the bias correction proposed by Liu [51]
Summary
Electrical energy has become essential for humanity and the demand of this resource grows rapidly. This fact has promoted research in this field and concerns about the environment. Several studies have focused on clean and renewable energy sources. Wave energy is one of the most environmentally friendly sources of energy because it is clean, inexhaustible and has no major impact on local hydrodynamics [1]. The first recorded attempt to use wave energy for human needs dates to the thirteenth century, but the efforts to convert it to electrical energy began in 1910, with a device similar to an Oscillating Water Column [2]. Today, with the menace of oil shortage, wave energy is regaining its value in modern society [2]
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