Abstract
Worldwide policy referring to global warming and air pollution assumes several main guidelines, in which Renewable Energy Sources (RES) usage simultaneously with limitation of fossil fuels in energy production seems to be a major goal. Nowadays, the continuous growth of RES usage within final energy consumption is becoming an obvious part of many country’s development. Adding to that relentless pursuit for improvement of building energy efficiency results in prediction, that in nearest future one should expect the development of advanced city-scale areas constituting an Energy Cluster. The paradigm of Energy Cluster (EC) allows us to define an energy flexibility neighbourhood. This article presents the results of energy analysis of a model neighbourhood of single-family houses with possible usage of RES. The neighbourhood constituting an EC was defined considering the Polish household sector statistical study. The analyzed area consists of representative single-family houses of Poland, characterized by different built periods, building shape and geometry as well as building enclosure parameters. Within the analysis, a detailed examination of a defined EC was performed by means of TEAC – computer tool developed by authors. TEAC is based on the results of energy simulations obtained by means of Energy Plus software and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) usage. Artificial Intelligence (AI) was used for energy demand predictions of buildings. Among possible RES a detailed analysis of solar and wind energy usage was performed. As a result, we obtained an hourly energy demand space- and time distribution, RES outputs, ecological analysis concerning greenhouse gasses emission and profitability analysis of proposed modernizations for the neighbourhood.
Highlights
Many energy and climate regulations have been legislated
The analysed neighbourhood consists of 10 thousand single-family houses, representative for the Polish household sector
Obtained results were presented as a comparison between areas located in Lodz and Leba, as well as the comparison of selected results, for buildings and their installations before and after refurbishment
Summary
Many energy and climate regulations have been legislated. Introduced adjustments are a response to a global problem concerning environmental aspects, especially countering global warming. Each country has its own legislative agenda related to energy and environmental aspects, but all of them have common goals – sustainable, energy-independent and proecological development. The building sector has a huge potential to improve energy performance considering traditional and novel buildings refurbishments methods. It is necessary to consider the application of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) as well as advanced building management systems for interior conditions control. It is necessary to analyse altogether energy profiles of residential buildings, potential outputs from RES and electric vehicles charging systems. Previous development of building sector allows predicting a huge application of self-learning control systems (AI usage) within dwellings. Low energy buildings of the future will be dynamically operated providing a highly sustainable environment
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