Abstract
AbstractIn this study, the ability to hyper accumulate heavy metals from contaminated site by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was monitored. The heavy metal-contaminated habitat was validated by X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray elemental spectrometry analysis of the soil samples. Heavy metal contamination in soil and water; accumulation in foliar, root and bulb tissue samples were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and were monitored as a function of accumulation in different tissues. Significant differences were recorded in the bioaccumulation capability of heavy metals by different tissue. Discrete variation in protein profile of leaves and high expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), peroxidase (POX) and altered regulation of esterase (EST) in root tissue was observed in contaminated site grown Eichhornia. The high metal accumulation efficiency of water hyacinth due to the biomass production suggests this species as reliable organic biomarker for heavy metal contamination.
Highlights
IntroductionE. crassipes always has been a popular candidate for rhizofiltration of metal-polluted aquatic environments with inherent ability of high biomass production, wide distribution and tolerance to cyanide (CN) and metals (Ghabbour, Davies, Lam, & Vozzella, 2004; Jayaweera & Kasturiarachchi, 2004; Singhal & Rai, 2003; Williams, 2002)
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), a perennial aquatic macrophyte, is considered to be noxious and extremely invasive for freshwater environments (Plants database, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2004), but has a proven record of potential heavy metal hyperaccumulator
Sampling The Eichhornia root and shoot samples were collected on site from the Hindustan Paper Corporation Limited (HPLC) Paper Mill dumping area situated beside National Highway No 37, Morigaon, Assam, India (26 7′43.60 N and 92 14′29.38 E) and stored in liquid nitrogen
Summary
E. crassipes always has been a popular candidate for rhizofiltration of metal-polluted aquatic environments with inherent ability of high biomass production, wide distribution and tolerance to cyanide (CN) and metals (Ghabbour, Davies, Lam, & Vozzella, 2004; Jayaweera & Kasturiarachchi, 2004; Singhal & Rai, 2003; Williams, 2002). This reckons the use of Eichhornia as model plant to study heavy metal-induced responses. Plants have evolved a range of potential cellular mechanisms and proteins that may be involved in detoxification of heavy metals to achieve tolerance by regulating metal ion uptake and metal ion homeostasis (De Vos & Schat, 1991; Dietz, Krämer, & Baier, 1999)
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