Abstract
Early and late thrombosis remain the most frequent reasons for the failure of synthetic cardiovascular grafts. Long-term hemocompatibility of implanted synthetic grafts can be achieved if a natural living endothelium is formed over its blood-contacting surface. Here we present a modification of a standard expanded polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE) vessel prosthesis by a controlled preparation of a fibrin mesh enriched with covalently bound heparin and noncovalently bound vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Compared to a bare prosthesis, the coated prosthesis showed excellent antithrombogenic properties after contact with heparinized fresh human blood. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells seeded on the inner surface of the coated prosthesis formed a confluent layer in 5 days, whereas only small colonies of cells were scattered on the bare prosthesis. Viability of the cells was promoted mainly by FGF immobilized on the coating. These findings suggest that the coating may prevent acute thrombus formation and support the self-endothelialization of an implanted ePTFE vascular graft in vivo.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide
Fibrin coating was grown on the surface of a glass bottom well in a 24-well glass bottom plate or expanded polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE) vessel prosthesis
We presented a new technique for surface modi cation of vascular prostheses that is based on the controlled growing of a brin mesh from brinogen solutions catalysed by thrombin immobilized on a substrate and the subsequent covalent binding of heparin and noncovalent binding of growth factors fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
Summary
Blood ow restriction due to the narrowing of the vessel lumen or vessel blockage leads to ischemia, which results in life-threatening conditions. To replace or bypass a damaged vessel, vascular gra s (VGs) are used. The best conduits for vascular gra ing are autologous arteries or veins, typically the saphenous veins, internal mammary arteries, or radial arteries.[1,2] they have several drawbacks: limited availability; donor site morbidity and patient burden due to the requirement for additional surgery. Synthetic polymer VGs made from expanded polytetra uoroethylene (ePTFE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET, Dacron), and polyurethane (PU) are routinely used in current clinical practice as an alternative to autologous vessels.[3] all synthetic gra s suffer from occasional acute, subacute, or late thrombotic complications. The risk of rapid thrombotic occlusion limits the application of synthetic VGs of less than 4 mm in
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