Abstract
Methanolic extracts of microshoots from agar cultures and of microshoots and media from agitated cultures of Scutellaria lateriflora grown on identical five variants of the Murashige-Skoog (MS) and Linsmaier-Skoog (LS) media with different 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) concentrations (0.5–3.0 mg/l) were analyzed for flavonoids (27 compounds), phenylpropanoid glycosides (2 compounds) and phenolic acids (19 compounds) using the DAD-HPLC method. The amounts of individual compounds and total amounts of the above mentioned metabolite groups in the biomass from both types of the tested cultures were dependent on the composition of basal media and concentrations of BA and NAA in the media variants. In media extracts, no metabolites were confirmed. Higher total amounts of flavonoids were obtained in agar cultures (max. 722.04 and 2989.55 mg/100 g DW on MS and LS media variants, respectively), which were 1.1 and 1.7 times higher, respectively, than in agitated cultures. In both types of cultures, glycosidic conjugates: baicalin and wogonoside were the main flavonoids (max. amounts: 513.93 and 1838.18 mg/100 g DW, and 305.92 and 700.85 mg/100 g DW in agar cultures on MS and LS variants, respectively). High amounts of verbascoside in agar cultures were also confirmed (max. 384.99 and 543.17 mg/100 g DW on MS and LS media variants, respectively). The cells grown in agitated cultures converted exogenous precursors, i.e. hydroquinone (HQ) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBAc) into arbutin (β-d-glucoside of HQ). The highest amount of this product reached 5.63 and 1.45 g/100 g DW after the addition of these two precursors, respectively. This is the first large-scale report documenting in vitro biosynthetic potential of Scutellaria lateriflora microshoots cultivated in two tested culture.
Highlights
Scutellaria lateriflora L. (American skullcap) is a species that has long been used in traditional North American medicine (Millspaugh 1974)
Out of 27 flavonoids tested, almost all analyzed extracts were evidenced to contain 6 specific Scutellaria flavonoids
The highest baicalin content of 513.93 mg/100 g dry weight (DW) was found on the MS medium enriched in BA (0.5 mg/l) + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (2.0 mg/l)
Summary
Scutellaria lateriflora L. (American skullcap) is a species that has long been used in traditional North American medicine (Millspaugh 1974). (American skullcap) is a species that has long been used in traditional North American medicine (Millspaugh 1974). At present, it has an important position in the official USA therapy (Upton et al 2011). The main ingredients of the raw material, which is the herb of this species, include flavonoids specific for the genus Scutellaria, aglycones (e.g. baicalein, wogonin, oroxylin A and scutellarein) and glucuronides (baicalin, wogonoside, scutellarin) and other flavonoid compounds common in the plant kingdom (e.g. luteolin and apigenin) (Choi et al 2002; Barnes et al 2007; Shang et al 2010). Herb of S. lateriflora is used for the treatment of epilepsy (grand mal), hysteria and various neurotic states (Awad et al 2003, Upton and DAyu 2012)
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