Abstract
From the time Kraepelin developed his theory of endogenous psychoses, particularly the manic-depressive syndrome, the question of the role of external factors in the appearance of these psychoses has been a subject of discussion in psychiatry. This holds particularly for circular psychosis. As we know, Kraepelin himself did not deny the role of external factors in the appearance of the phases of the manic-depressive psychosis, although he regarded it as a disease caused primarily by endogenous factors. His students and successors - Lange, (1) Bumke, (2) Kurt Schneider, (3) Weitbrecht, (4) and others - still hold to this same viewpoint.
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