Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy is a neuropsychiatric complication of acute and chronic liver diseases with characteristics morphological changes in astrogial cells. Overt HE is a potencially reversible syndrome. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is the mildest form of HE. Several scales facilitate monitoring and assessment of overt HE; neuropsychological and neurophysiological tests can establish the diagnosis of minimal HE. The general consensus is that these individuals are unable to remove toxic substances, especially ammonia, derived from the intestine. In patients with cirrhosis the accumulation of ammonia results mainly due to hepatocellular failure and portosystemic shunting. Current treatment is based on reduced intestinal ammonia load by antibiotics or disaccarides, nevertheless the actual efficacy of these treatment is to be thoroughly established.
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