Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate enamel roughness, quality of the enamel surfaces and time duration comparing different orthodontic adhesive removal protocols. Premolars were used to test three adhesive removal methods (n = 20): five-blade carbide bur, 30-blade carbide bur, and ultrasonic diamond bur. Bracket was bonded using TransbondTM XT adhesive. Roughness with different parameters was measured before bracket bonding and after adhesive remnants removal. Micromorphological analysis of enamel surface (n = 5) was performed by SEM images and categorized in enamel damage index—“perfect”; “satisfying”; “imperfect”; and “unacceptable”. Time was measured in seconds. All removal methods caused increased roughness in relation to Ra, Rq, and Rz parameters (X axis) comparing to healthy enamel surface. Enamel surface resulted from removal using five-blade burs was scored as satisfactory. Carbide bur groups decreased the roughness values of Ra, Rq, and Rz parameters on the Y axis and enamel surface was considered unacceptable. The 30-blade group increased symmetry (Rsk) and flattening (Rku) parameters of roughness and surface was scored as unsatisfactory. Diamond bur removed adhesive in 54.8 s, faster than five-blade carbide bur. The five-blade bur group resulted in less enamel roughness than the 30-blade and diamond groups.
Highlights
The restoration of the original structure of enamel, which is found before orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances, may be achieved after the total removal of the remaining post-debracketing adhesive [1]
A significant increase of the parameters Ra and Rq were found on the X-axis for the 30-bladed carbide and the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) groups; on the Y-axis, the carbide burs groups had significantly decreased the mean roughness scores of Ra, Rq, and Rz when compared to the initial condition of the enamel surface
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of the group of the 5-blade carbide bur was classified as satisfactory, since it showed a very similar aspect to the initial images of healthy enamel, despite a previous report of a wavy pattern [13]. These results suggest the adhesive removal using a five-blade carbide bur can be an alternative procedure to promoting reliable roughness
Summary
The restoration of the original structure of enamel, which is found before orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances, may be achieved after the total removal of the remaining post-debracketing adhesive [1]. This removal process is a challenge since it often affects the enamel surface, leading to an increase in roughness, enamel cracking and tarnishing from lingering residue [2,3]. In order to minimize the damage of enamel surface during the bracket-removal procedures, debonding of the remnant adhesive layer has been tested with different methods in different ways [7,8,9,10,11,12].
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