Enabling Ultrastable Co-Free Li-Rich Oxides via TbF3 Treatment.

Abstract

Co-free Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials (Co-free LRMOs) have become one of the most promising cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries for the next generation due to their low cost, high capacity, and environmental friendliness. Under high voltage, redox reactions involving anions can easily lead to various issues, including oxygen release, dissolution of transition metal elements (TMs), and structural collapse in these materials. The absence of the Co element further exacerbates this issue. Here, a simple one-step solid-phase reaction strategy is proposed to achieve nanoscale dual modification of the Co-free LRMOs with F and Tb doping. The dual modification has a relatively small impact on the cell parameters and Li+ diffusion ability of the LRMOs, leading to no significant improvement in its rate performance. The modified LRMOs only exhibited discharge capacities of 220.7, 200.1, 140.0, 115.5, and 90.9 mAh·g-1 at 0.1, 0.2, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 C, respectively. However, the modified Co-free LRMOs exhibit extremely strong structural stability and retain 95.1% of the initial capacity after 300 cycles, so far, the highest capacity retention rates among all Ni/Mn-based Li-rich materials. Mechanism studies have shown that the enhancement in structural stability of the Co-free LRMOs is attributed to the increased concentration of oxygen vacancies and Ni3+ ions through F doping. Furthermore, Tb doping not only hinders the release of O2 but also enhances the Li+ migration and electronic conductivity coefficient of the LRMOs.