Abstract
In recent years, the damaging effects of antimicrobial resistance relating to wound management and infections have driven the ongoing development of composite wound dressing mats containing natural compounds, such as plant extracts and their derivatives. The present research reports the fabrication of novel electrospun Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/Chitosan (CS) fiber mats loaded with Eugenol (EUG), an essential oil, known for its therapeutic properties. The electrospun fiber mats were prepared via electrospinning from either water-in-oil (W/O) or oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), total porosity measurements, and water contact angle. The in vitro EUG release profile and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also evaluated. The obtained results proved that the EUG was loaded efficiently into electrospun PCL/PVA/CS fiber mats and the two W/O and O/W emulsions prepared from the PCL/PVA/CS (7 : 3 : 1) and PCL/PVA/CS (3 : 7 : 1) revealed porosity within the ideal range of 60–90%, even when EUG was loaded. The measured contact angle values showed that the O/W emulsion exhibited a more hydrophilic character and the wettability noticeably decreased after adding EUG in both emulsion blends. Furthermore, the electrospun PCL/PVA/CS fiber mats demonstrated a rapid release of EUG during the first 8 hours, which enhanced gradually afterward (up to 120 hours). Moreover, an efficient antibacterial activity against S. aureus (inhibition ratios of 92.43% and 83.08%) and P. aeruginosa (inhibition ratios of 94.68% and 87.85%) was displayed and the in vitro cytotoxic assay demonstrated that the normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) remained viable for at least 7 days, after direct contact with the produced electrospun fiber mats. Therefore, such findings support the biocompatibility and suitability of using these EUG-loaded electrospun PCL/PVA/CS fiber mats as a new innovative wound dressing material with potential for preventing and treating microbial wound infections.
Highlights
IntroductionEmulsion electrospinning has been used to improve the solubility of poorly soluble bioactive agents and, their therapeutic effectiveness
The present work describes the innovative development of EUG-loaded into electrospun Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/Chitosan (CS) fiber mats through W/O and O/W emulsions by nanospider technology, a needle-free electrospinning equipment, based on a rotating spinning electrode immersed into a liquid polymer bath. e modern nanospider technology differs from conventional electrospinning because it allows the formation of many taylor cones simultaneously on the surface of the rotating spinning electrode, and this technology is highly productive and more effective to produce high-quality nanofibers [16, 17]
Erefore, we present new findings claiming the development of new EUG-loaded electrospun PCL/PVA/CS fiber mats prepared from W/O and O/W emulsions, for wound dressing applications. e results obtained revealed that mixing PCL, PVA, and CS enhanced the final properties of the blend
Summary
Emulsion electrospinning has been used to improve the solubility of poorly soluble bioactive agents and, their therapeutic effectiveness This approach increases the affinity of the oil and water phases and plays a significant role in the stability of low molecular weight polymers and diluted polymer solutions [13]. In this context, the present work describes the innovative development of EUG-loaded into electrospun Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/Chitosan (CS) fiber mats through W/O and O/W emulsions by nanospider technology, a needle-free electrospinning equipment, based on a rotating spinning electrode immersed into a liquid polymer bath.
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