Abstract
To support the constraints of smart meters—low power and memory—of AMI network, RPL is considered as the most suitable routing protocol to be implemented in practice. Network lifetime, PDR, and latency are the critical issues to be focused on and addressed. Generally, single parent selection scheme cannot satisfy all expected performance requirements of RPL based on AMI network due to tradeoff between workload balancing and transmission performance, PDR and latency. Moreover, the single parent also suffers from the package size and transmission range. Then, multiparent solution is proposed to overcome these demerits using multipath transmission strategy. Although the existing multiparent solutions, MELT and MAHP, overcome the issue of transmission performance, they present low network lifetime since multiparent solution consumes high energy in data transmission. In this paper, we propose an “empowered hybrid parent selection (EHPS)” that exploits the merits of multiparent solution and the single parent with cognitive radio technology in a hybridizing scheme. To split the data packet efficiently under multipath transmission strategy, a fuzzy AHP (FAHP) is adopted; therefore, EHPS balances the workload effectively and maximizes the network lifetime over long transmission range and large data size. Moreover, by exploiting cognitive radio, EHPS is flexible to the transmission range and data size since it achieves the highest transmission performance, highest PDR, and lowest latency among others, while maintaining high network lifetime.
Highlights
With increasing electrical demands, the electrical grid shows a tendency to be managed more efficiently, which cannot be achieved by the conventional strategy based on a centralized and manual management system
In an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) network, a number of low power and memory devices, smart meters, are interconnected in a multihop manner through modern communication technology. e routing protocol is considered as a crucial function in the AMI network that is used to ensure high communication performance in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR) and latency. e routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL) [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13] is considered as the most suitable routing protocol for AMI network according to its characteristics as it has the ability to deal with lossy links, support
We propose the empowered hybrid parent selection (EHPS) algorithm of RPL for AMI network. e multiparent solution with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) [33,34,35] and the cognitive radio [36, 37] are exploited under hybridizing scheme to achieve high performance of the three crucial metrics: network lifetime, PDR, and latency
Summary
The electrical grid shows a tendency to be managed more efficiently, which cannot be achieved by the conventional strategy based on a centralized and manual management system. E multiparent solution with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) [33,34,35] and the cognitive radio [36, 37] are exploited under hybridizing scheme to achieve high performance of the three crucial metrics: network lifetime, PDR, and latency. The issue of low PDR under long transmission range is addressed by hybridizing the merits of multiple parents and single parent with cognitive radio technology. Under long transmission range, multiple parents cannot achieve high performance of PDR and energy efficiency because the transmission error rate increases on the distance. Once the single parent with cognitive radio consumes the energy usefully, the EHPS presents the highest network lifetime under long transmission range.
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