Employing a magnetic metal organic framework-derived graphene oxide enhanced with incorporated copper: An exceptional catalyst for the selective reduction of organic dyes and nitro compounds

Abstract

Magnetic metal-organic frameworks have emerged as versatile materials with wide-ranging applications in various scientific fields, particularly catalysis. These materials possess remarkable properties such as magnetic saturation, stability, and biocompatibility, making them highly desirable for numerous applications. In this study, our objective was to design and synthesize a new magnetic metal-organic framework-based catalyst containing copper species. To achieve this, a multi-step approach was employed. Firstly, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were functionalized with silica to prevent aggregation. Subsequently, individual functionalization with glutamic acid and modification with graphene oxide containing copper were carried out. This sequential process resulted in the formation of a unique catalyst, Fe@Si-GA-GO-Cu MOF. To gain insights into the structural and physicochemical properties of the resulting magnetic catalyst, comprehensive characterization techniques were employed. Furthermore, the catalytic behavior and kinetic study of Fe@Si-GA-GO-Cu MOF in the reduction of nitroarenes, methylene blue and Congo red were successfully investigated that demonstrated remarkable efficiency in reducing 4-nitrophenol within a brief timeframe of 9 min. Additionally, it exhibited impressive performance in the reduction of methylene blue and Congo red, achieving reduction times of 57 s and 11 min, respectively. Furthermore, the catalyst highlighted remarkable reusability, retaining its catalytic activity for at least 9 cycles without any pre-activation or significant loss of activity or leaching of copper. The Fe@Si-GA-GO-Cu MOF exhibited several notable advantages such as, smooth and clean reaction conditions at room temperature. This innovative approach not only addresses environmental concerns by preventing pollution from industrial effluents but also significantly accelerates reaction times through the utilization of cost-effective and economical catalysts.