Employing a grounded theory approach: core characteristics

Abstract

Nurses have embraced grounded theory (GT) as a useful research methodology. This paper presents an overview of the main characteristics when using GT to explore clinical practice. There is no consensual definition or single procedure to follow when using GT. This is largely attributable to the re-contextualisation of it over time through diversification in and across many disciplines. Thus, it is imperative to consider some of GT's core characteristics. To identify core characteristics, I have collated my own experience of using the methodology and a scoping review of pertinent GT textbooks, journal articles, attendance at GT workshops and discussion with principle GT theorists. Essentially, GT is a method for gathering, synthesising, analysing and conceptualizing qualitative data to construct theory. While GT is aligned to the interpretive tradition, there is divergence between researchers on its objectivist or constructivist position, but there is consensus that it investigates social process(es) and that data analysis drives the data collection phase and also the theory construction. This paper will consider constant comparative method, theoretical sampling, theoretical saturation or sufficiency, and core category construction as fundamental features considered in comprising a GT approach.