Empat Belas Tahun Perkembangan Peraturan Keamanan Hayati dan Keamanan Pangan Produk Rekayasa Genetik dan Implementasinya di Indonesia

Abstract

<p>Fourteen Years of Development of Biosafety and Food<br />Safety Regulations of Genetically Engineered Products<br />and their Implementation in Indonesia. M. Herman. In<br />Indonesia, the need for biosafety and food safety regulation<br />of genetically engineered products (GEP) is well recognized.<br />The Food Law and the Decree on Provisions of Biosafety of<br />Genetically Engineered Agricultural Biotechnology Products<br />has been signed respectively by the President of Republic of<br />Indonesia in 1996 and by the Minister of Agriculture in 1997.<br />The biosafety and food safety regulation of GEP comprise of<br />guidelines, ministerial decree, joint ministerial degree,<br />government regulation, presidential regulation, presidensial<br />decree, and law. In the implementation of biosafety regulation<br />during the year of 1999-2001, there were five GE crops<br />and two enzymes products derived from GE microorganisms<br />for feed additive have been decraled as safe to the environment.<br />One of the five GE crop declared for environment<br />safety, the insect resistant (IR) cotton (Bt cotton) was commercialized<br />for limited released in seven districts of South<br />Sulawesi during 2001-2003. Whereas, from 2001-2010 there<br />are 13 GE crops have been studied in the greenhouse of<br />biosafety containment and confined field trials, among of<br />those there are two GE crops, herbicide tolerant (HT) GE<br />maize and drought tolerant (DT) GE sugarcane have been<br />assessed and recommended for environment safety. Five<br />application of animal vaccine derived from GE microorganisms<br />for studied in the biosafety containment and<br />confined field have been submitted to the regulator. In<br />addition to biosafety regulation, food safety regulation has<br />also been implemented after the Food Safety Assessment<br />Guideline for GEP has been signed by the Head of Food and<br />Drug Inspection Agency in July 2008. Food safety assessment<br />has been conducted on 10 GE crops such as HT maize, HT<br />soybean, IR maize, amylase modification maize and DT<br />sugarcane. There are some constraints encountered during<br />the implementation of biosafety and food safety regulation.<br />The constraints are the lack of commitment of related<br />institution involved in the regulation, lack of understading on<br />the regulation, and difficulties of implementing the regulation<br />on the import products such as maize and soybean for<br />food and feed process.</p>