Abstract
Empirical research on self-esteem has a special interest in nursing professionals, because they work in a challenging environment that requires, in order to continue working during their working age, a strong physical, social and emotional involvement. The objective was to determine the explanatory value of individual variables such as Self-efficacy, Empathy and Emotional Intelligence on Self-esteem in a sample of nursing professionals, to identify which variables have the most explanatory value for overall self-esteem with years of experience. The study sample consisted of a total of 1,601 Spanish nurses aged 22–60, with a mean age of 31.19 (SD = 6.59) years. The emotional intelligence factors in all cases were observed to have positive correlations with overall self-esteem. Mood was still the predictor with the most explanatory weight in all the groups. General Self-Efficacy disappeared in the model of professionals with the most experience. Organizations and management nursing should implement intervention programs that promote wellbeing and satisfaction in workers during their working age. It would be of interest to train nursing professionals in such necessary competences as Empathy, Emotional Intelligence and Self-Efficacy.
Highlights
The concept of self-esteem was originally introduced by James (1984) to refer to the extent to which individuals evaluate their own perceived success or failure in achieving their goals
A negative relationship was found between Affective Empathy and Self-Esteem, which may be explained by emotional exhaustion
A negative relationship was found between Affective Empathy and Self-Esteem which may be explained by emotional exhaustion, it should be emphasized that Mood is the most important predictor
Summary
The concept of self-esteem was originally introduced by James (1984) to refer to the extent to which individuals evaluate their own perceived success or failure in achieving their goals. “Principles of Psychology,” he wrote: “So our self-feeling in this world depends entirely on what we back ourselves to be and do. It is determined by the ratio of our actualities to our supposed potentialities; a fraction of which our pretensions are the denominator and the numerator our success” Self-esteem begins developing in adolescence and evolves through middle age, arriving at its highest point at around 60 years of age, and starting at that age, slowly begins to decrease (Orth et al, 2012). The level of self-esteem may fluctuate throughout life in response to concrete daily experiences, it usually remains stable over long periods of time (Webster et al, 2017)
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