Abstract
In the past two decades, researchers have conclusively demonstrated that various emotion regulation (ER) strategies give rise to differing consequences. Such findings have prompted an examination of the internal and external factors that contribute to emotion regulation choice. Previous empirical studies modeling ER choice have been limited to Western samples. Based on knowledge of the role of culture in other choice behavior, we sought to test whether culture was a driver of ER choice. For the present studies, we compared ER choices of participants from India, to ER choices of participants from the U.S.A. Research demonstrating a correlation between religiosity and effective use of cognitive reappraisal lead us to anticipate the more religious India showing higher rates of cognitive reappraisal. Based on the incorporation of acceptance themes in Indian philosophy, as well as higher rates of fatalistic outlooks in India, we also expected to see Indian participants more frequently using an acceptance ER strategy. We further expected that difference in choice strategies would be moderated by emotional intensity of the stimuli. To test these hypotheses, we presented high and low-intensity emotion-eliciting images to both samples and recorded ER choice selections. We discovered that as hypothesized, the Indian sample was significantly more likely to use cognitive reappraisal than the U.S. sample, specifically for high intensity images. Contrary to our hypothesis, the choice rate for acceptance was indistinguishable in the Indian and U.S. samples. This research indicates that culture bears considerably on which strategies people choose to employ when regulating emotion in response to negative stimuli.
Highlights
In the past two decades, researchers have conclusively demonstrated that various emotion regulation (ER) strategies give rise to differing consequences
If acceptance was being conflated with the decision to not use ER, watch would become the most frequent ER choice for low-intensity images and acceptance frequency would be reduced for low-intensity images
Study 2b After having determined a successful structure for the ER choice survey with American participants, we subsequently sought to validate this structure on a pilot Indian sample
Summary
In the past two decades, researchers have conclusively demonstrated that various emotion regulation (ER) strategies give rise to differing consequences. The self-report framework is subject to issues with participants’ memories, differences in ideal affect (that may influence participants’ responses), and systematic situational differences confronting people in the cultures being studied To address this limitation, in the present research, we conducted a series of studies in which ER choice was recorded immediately. In the present research, we conducted a series of studies in which ER choice was recorded immediately This allowed for analysis of how entrenched paradigms of thought shaped by culture influence the choice of ER strategies. To investigate this effect, we chose to compare Indian participants to American participants. Given that 99.1% of Indian people identified as one of India’s top six religions (“C-1 Population by Religious Community”, 2011), and given that religion seems to foster habitual use of reappraisal, we predicted that an Indian sample would engage in reappraisal more than an American sample (Hypothesis 1)
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