Abstract
The utilization of robotic systems has been increasing in the last decade. This increase has been derived by the evolvement in the computational capabilities, communication systems, and the information systems of the manufacturing systems which is reflected in the concept of Industry 4.0. Furthermore, the robotics systems are continuously required to address new challenges in the industrial and manufacturing domain, like keeping humans in the loop, among other challenges. Briefly, the keeping humans in the loop concept focuses on closing the gap between humans and machines by introducing a safe and trustworthy environment for the human workers to work side by side with robots and machines. It aims at increasing the engagement of the human as the automation level increases rather than replacing the human, which can be nearly impossible in some applications. Consequently, the collaborative robots (Cobots) have been created to allow physical interaction with the human worker. However, these cobots still lack of recognizing the human emotional state. In this regard, this paper presents an approach for adapting cobot parameters to the emotional state of the human worker. The approach utilizes the Electroencephalography (EEG) technology for digitizing and understanding the human emotional state. Afterwards, the parameters of the cobot are instantly adjusted to keep the human emotional state in a desirable range which increases the confidence and the trust between the human and the cobot. In addition, the paper includes a review on technologies and methods for emotional sensing and recognition. Finally, this approach is tested on an ABB YuMi cobot with commercially available EEG headset.
Highlights
The concept of Industry 4.0, which was introduced by the German government in2011, has been slowly but steadily adapted by the manufacturing systems’ vendors [1,2].Industry 4.0 relies on technologies such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) [3] and Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS) [4], where both the physical and virtual worlds are linked in order to maximize the benefits of the advances in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) [1,5]
The main aim of this research is improving the Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) implementation by permitting cobots to adapt to the emotional states of the human worker
The presented approach demonstrated the exploitation of the emotions of the human worker in a human-robot collaboration environment
Summary
The concept of Industry 4.0, which was introduced by the German government in2011, has been slowly but steadily adapted by the manufacturing systems’ vendors [1,2].Industry 4.0 relies on technologies such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) [3] and Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS) [4], where both the physical and virtual worlds are linked in order to maximize the benefits of the advances in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) [1,5]. Despite that the Industry 4.0 concept has not reach its maximum potential of development, and as the technology is evolving with an exponential pattern, some researches have started defining the concept of Industry 5.0 [6,7,8] In this regard, several authors prognosticate that Industry 5.0 will focus on keeping humans in the loop of processes, creating synergies between humans and machines [7,9]. Collaboration (HRC) and Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) as potential research and innovation disciplines [10,11] These concepts are highly dependent on the trust and the understanding of human cognitive behavior while working with robots as depicted in [12]
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