Environment and Natural Resources Journal | VOL. 20
Read
Emissions of CH4 and CO2 from Wastewater of Palm Oil Mills: A Real Contribution to Increase the Greenhouse Gas and Its Potential as Renewable Energy Sources
Abstract
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment in Indonesia is still predominant using an open pond system. This system has the weakness of the unknown and uncontrollable value of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere. This study estimated GHG emissions (CH4 and CO2) from anaerobic ponds and their potential as a renewable energy source and obtain GHG emission conversion coefficients for each kg of COD POME and ton of crude palm oil (CPO). Gas samples were collected using a closed static chamber. GHG sample concentration testing was done using Gas Chromatography with a flame ionization detector (FID) and thermal conductivity detector (TCD). The results showed that the emission rate of CH4 and CO2 in the anaerobic pond POME treatment was relatively high, 261.93 and 595.99 g/m2/day, respectively, equivalent to 48.572 t CO2-eq/day or 14,571.5 t CO2-eq/year. CO2 emissions were greater than two times CH4 emissions, both spatially and temporally. There was a process of facultative biodegradation, aerobic and or anaerobic process according to the biotic-abiotic environment and the levels of organic components in the substrate. In anaerobic ponds, the optimal requirements for the biodegradation process tended to be unfulfilled, so the emission rate of CH4 was less than CO2. The GHG conversion coefficient was obtained, namely each kg of COD from POME emitted 6.266 kg CO2-eq of GHG; for each m3 of POME emitted by 0.163 t CO2-eq of GHG; and 0.556 t CO2-eq/t CPO. The maximum potential for POME to energy conversion was 1.045 MWe wit...
Round-ups are the summaries of handpicked papers around trending topics published every week. These would enable you to scan through a collection of papers and decide if the paper is relevant to you before actually investing time into reading it.
Climate change Research Articles published between May 09, 2022 to May 15, 2022
Introduction: Climate change is a pervasive threat to global biodiversity and is expected to have profound effects on the resilience and abundance of ...
Read MoreClimate change Research Articles published between May 02, 2022 to May 08, 2022
We studied the fungal DNA present in a lake sediment core obtained from Trinity Peninsula, Hope Bay, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula, using metabarc...
Read MoreClimate change Research Articles published between Apr 25, 2022 to May 01, 2022
Introduction: Climate change and flooding events in South Ontario Climate change is altering climate patterns and adding pressure to climate systems a...
Read MoreClimate change Research Articles published between Apr 18, 2022 to Apr 24, 2022
Introduction: Climate change triggers stark effects on species geographic ranges, leading to range shifts and disruptions in the functioning of ecosys...
Read MoreGood health Research Articles published between Apr 18, 2022 to Apr 24, 2022
This study reviews the contributions made by each article in the theme issue with reference to case study examples of contemporary corporate social re...
Read More