Emission-concerned coordinated dispatching of electrified autonomous mobility-on-demand system and power system incorporating heterogeneous spatiotemporal scales

Abstract

Electrified autonomous mobility-on-demand (E-AMoD) systems will play a crucial role in future cities, which couple the carbon emissions generated by the transportation system and the power system. This paper proposes a joint dispatching framework to facilitate city decarbonization by coordinating the fleet operator and power system operator. Given the substantial differences in spatial and temporal dispatching scales between the two systems, this framework effectively integrates micro vehicle-level service dispatching with macro fleet-level charging scheduling. Firstly, a novel bipartite matching model efficiently solves the short-term passenger serving and rebalancing dispatching at the vehicle level. The service dispatching results are then aggregated as spatial-temporal transition flows across different areas and time intervals. Incorporating these mobility constraints, the long-term charging-discharging scheduling at the fleet level is captured as an expanded network flow model and integrated with the power system dispatching model, which aims at renewable energy utilization and carbon emission mitigation. Finally, the fleet-level scheduling results are disaggregated to the serving-rebalancing-charging sequences of each vehicle, for practical implementation. To validate the proposed framework, numerical experiments are conducted on a large-scale real-world case. Multiple charging schedule scenarios, including heuristic charging, smart charging, and smart charging-discharging, are investigated under both centralized and distributed supplied power systems. (1) The framework proves to be an effective solution for addressing the differences in dispatching spatiotemporal scales, calculation efficiencies, and privacy concerns between power and traffic systems. (2) Through power-traffic coordination, the E-AMoD fleet demonstrates its ability to alleviate 8% of average renewable energy curtailment and reduce nearly 15% of the total emissions in a power system installed with renewable distributed generators. (3) Furthermore, the extent of emission mitigation effects is influenced by critical factors such as fleet size, renewable energy profile, and power system capacity. Overall, the E-AMoD system show great potential as mobile storage devices to provide spatial-temporal flexibility to the power system and contribute to city decarbonization.