Emeviler Döneminde Para / Money in Dynasyt of Emevies

Abstract

Money in Dynasyt of Emevies Islam had its start in Arabian Peninsula with the birth of Prophet Muhammad (s.a.v.) in Makkah in the later part of the sixth century of the Christian era. But it is true that the Arabs had no coin of their own, rather they used the coins of the neighbouring two empires - the Byzantine in the west and the Sassanian in the east-for procurement of their necessities of life and for conducting business transaction. Even with the rise of Islam i.e. 610 C.E. (the year in which the Prophet received first wahyi or revelation) this mode of using the coins with slight alteration and modification continued till the accession of caliph Abdul Malik b. Marwan to the throne of the Umayyad dynasty in 685 C.E. Abdul Malik brought manifold reforms in the administrative system. He made Arabic the state language and arabicized the whole administration along with the coin-reform. So long the Byzantine coins consisting of gold in the name of dinar and copper in the name of fals and the Sassanian silver coin in the name of dirham with the effigies of Byzantine emperors in case of the Byzantine coins and with fire-altar and the attending priests in the case of the Sassanian coins had been in use all over the territorial expanse of Muslim rule. In the reformation of the coins Abdul Malik took drastic measure. The first Umayyad, indeed Islamic silver coinage was copied from the Sasanian dirham. The Arabs had just conquered the Sasanian Empire and they continued to use their monetary system. At first these dirhams didn't differ much from the Sasanian coins they copied, but by the third decade of Islam, marginal writings started appearing on these Dirhams [Bismi Allah] leading eventually to the replacement of the pahlavi script and the Yesdigrid era dating with Arabic script and Hijri Dating. These Dirhams were replaced by purely epigraphic Dirhams in the reform of Abdul Malik b. Marwan.