Emerging Trends and Therapeutic Advances of Nanoparticles in the Management of Fungal Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Abstract: The prevalence of fungi infections has escalated in recent decades. Even though a large portion of fatalities caused by fungal infections are preventive, there is, however, an underappreciated subject for public health officials. Nanotechnology-based carriers have garnered considerable attention owing to their exceptional capabilities. The administration of antimycotic therapeutics with enhanced antifungal activity, bioavailability, localized action, and decreased cytotoxicity has been made possible by the use of nanoparticles (NPs) as effective drug delivery systems (DDS). This burgeoning field allows cross-disciplinary researchers to design and construct multifunctional NPs capable of targeting, diagnosing, and treating mycotic diseases. This research delves into an extensive exploration of various fungal infections and their therapeutic effectiveness through the utilization of a diverse range of cutting-edge nanocarrier-based technologies. These advanced technologies encompass transfersomes, ethosomes, transethosomes, niosomes, nanoemulsions, microemulsions, micelles, as well as distinct types of nanoparticles, including polymeric, inorganic, metal, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, and carbon nanotubes. The study examines the potential of these innovative delivery systems for combating fungal infections, shedding light on their efficacy and offering insights into their promising applications. By harnessing the distinctive properties and tailored characteristics of these nanocarriers, it becomes possible to optimize the delivery of antifungal agents, thus enhancing their therapeutic outcomes.