Emerging trends and evolutions for smart city healthcare systems

Abstract

• This study examines the evolution of healthcare, identifying the reasons, methods, and effects. • The evolution of network services and historical events are provided. • Healthcare evolutions are presented in terms of social relevance and scientific significance. rapid development of the industry affected all its branches, led to evolution, and influenced people's worldview and desires. The revolutionary changes also affected the healthcare system, contributing to its development in technological, socio economic, scientific, and physical terms. Healthcare has gone through several stages called Healthcare 1.0, Healthcare 2.0, Healthcare 3.0, and Healthcare 4.0. Each of these stages is a logical chain of one whole progress, resulting in solving open challenges and previous problems. Each stage has its advantages, disadvantages, distinctive features, methods of providing medical care, scientific and technical innovations, where the research of which is mandatory for understanding the system as a whole, identifying trends, and developing future directions. This paper is devoted to a systematic analysis of the evolutionary development of healthcare, identifying the causes, means, and influence on subsequent processes. The chronology of the methods is revealed. Each stage of development is analyzed in terms of social significance, scientific and technological significance, communications, and application of information technologies, which makes this paper unique in this area. The studies were carried out with an emphasis on the technical component of the system, particularly the application of network technologies and services, the issues of the introduction of emerging technologies.