Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a white-rot fungus that has been viewed as a traditional Chinese tonic for promoting health and longevity. It has been revealed that several extractions from Ganoderma lucidum, such as Ethanol extract, aqueous extract, mycelia extract, water soluble extract of the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia, Ganodermasides A, B, C, D, and some bioactive components of Ganoderma lucidum, including Reishi Polysaccharide Fraction 3, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides I, II, III, IV, Ganoderma lucidum peptide, Ganoderma polysaccharide peptide, total G. lucidum triterpenes and Ganoderic acid C1 could exert lifespan elongation or related activities. Although the use of Ganoderma lucidum as an elixir has been around for thousands of years, studies revealing its effect of lifespan extension are only the tip of the iceberg. Besides which, the kinds of extractions or components being comfrimed to be anti-aging are too few compared with the large amounts of Ganoderma lucidum extractions or constituients being discovered. This review aims to lay the ground for fully elucidating the potential mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum underlying anti-aging effect and its clinical application.
Highlights
The extractions of Ganoderma lucidum with direct lifespan elongation effects or potential anti-aging properties mainly includes the Ethanolic extract of Ganoderma lucidum (EGL), Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract (GLA), Ganoderma lucidum mycelia extract, Water soluble extract of the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia (MAK) and Ganodermasides A, B, C and D
Since EGL is equipped with the ability of increasing the level of antioxidant enzymes and GSH, it could decrease the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in aged mice
H2O2 is the main inducer of oxidative damage, and normal cells are equipped with an oxidative stress buffer system, including several antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as well as some non-enzymes – GSH, αtocopherol, vitamin C, carotene and flavonoids
Summary
The antioxidant system deteriorates as a function of age, bringing about disruption of the delicate balance between radical oxygen species production and elimination leading to oxidative cellular damage [4] Postmitotic tissues such as the brain, heart and skeleton muscle are more susceptible to aging, compared with other organs [5]. Cardiac contraction is dependent on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) Their dysfunction may increase ROS production to an unhealthy level, thereby giving rise to structural and functional changes in the myocardium, such as myocardial atrophy or compensatory hypertrophy, which induces cardiac aging [7]. Inhibit ROS production, lipid peroxidation, advanced oxidation protein products; Increase production of mitochondrial electron transport complexes, Mn-SOD, CAT, GSH and GSH-Px, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenger activities and FRAP. This review aims to lay the ground for fully elucidating the potential mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum underlying antiaging effect to promote its clinical application as an antiaging herbal medicine
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