Abstract
Platelets and their interaction with cells of the immune system contribute through a variety of molecular mechanisms to support hemostasis and inflammation. These simple yet essential cells exert their effects in lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils, both recruiting and modulating their function after activation. Emerging evidence is starting to define the mechanisms that allow platelets to also play pivotal roles in host defense. For example, platelet cell-surface expression of toll-like receptors allows platelets to direct neutrophil activation toward extracellular trap formation and facilitate the elimination of blood pathogens. In addition to these well-known receptors, two of the most recently discovered platelet receptors, C-type lectin receptor 2 (CLEC-2), and TREM-like transcript-1 (TLT-1), have been shown to modulate hemostatic and inflammation-related roles in platelets. This review will discuss the evolution of our understanding of platelet functions from hemostasis to inflammation, and highlight novel mechanisms that platelets use to mediate hemostasis under inflammatory pressure.
Highlights
Emerging Roles for Platelets in Inflammation and DiseaseYancy Ferrer-Acosta1, Marieli González2, Mónica Fernández3, and Washington A Valance1,2,* 1University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA 2Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, USA 3University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, USA
Hemostasis, thrombosis, and inflammation are mediated by platelets
The major function of GPIb-IX-V complex is mediating the first step in platelet adhesion to the vessel wall. This complex binds to a collagen-tethered glycoprotein on the damaged sub-endothelial matrix, named von Willebrand Factor, to initiate thrombus formation at high-shear stress in flowing blood
Summary
Yancy Ferrer-Acosta1, Marieli González2, Mónica Fernández3, and Washington A Valance1,2,* 1University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA 2Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, USA 3University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, USA
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