Emerging role of immune therapy in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders, a category of illnesses that develop as neurons gradually become defective and eventually die, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Slowly progressing neurodegenerative disorders are accompanied by cognitive decline and functional impairment, significantly burdening individuals and society. At present, clinical treatment is still mainly symptomatic support. The incidence rate has been rising in recent years, and there is a trend toward younger age, which has a negative impact on people's physical health and quality of life. The worldwide burden will continue to increase as the population of the elderly grows, with latent impacts due to prolonged disease durations and changing environments. Unfortunately, such disorders are still untreated because of their complicated pathophysiology. The primary goals of current therapies are to reduce disease symptoms and halt disease progression. Pre-clinical studies for therapeutic methods for AD, PD, and HD have shown promise for AAV intraparenchymal injections and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) delivery. While CRISPR/Cas9-mediated approaches have been employed to develop disease models, identify pathogenic genes, elucidate pathogenesis mechanisms, and as a potential therapeutic approach. This review not only systematically introduces the current situation and diffuse subsets of neurodegenerative diseases, but also discusses treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.