Abstract
ObjectiveThe antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci rose worldwide. In total, 96 Staphylococcus isolates from food and clinical samples were collected from two provinces in Algeria. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed and resistance-associated genes were detected.ResultsFifty-one strains were isolated from food samples and differentiated into 33 Staphylococcus aureus and 18 coagulase-negative staphylococci. Forty-five staphylococci were collected from hospital and community-acquired infection cases. All S. aureus isolated from food were resistant to penicillin and 45.5% were resistant to tetracycline. The resistance rates of 45 clinical Staphylococcus isolates were 86.7%, 48.9%, 37.8% and 20.0% to penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin and kanamycin, respectively. Nine isolates were confirmed as MRSA from food and clinical isolates. One S. aureus originated from food was confirmed as vancomycin-resistant. Multidrug-resistance was observed among 25.5% and 53.3% of food and clinical staphylococci, respectively. The tetM/K, blaZ, aacA-aphD, ermC and mecA genes were detected in food and clinical isolates. ermA gene was not found. This study provided insight into the status of antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci isolated from food and clinical samples in Algeria. Further investigations and surveillance programmes are mandatory.
Highlights
Staphylococci are the most isolated bacteria in nosocomial infections and foodborne illnesses globally and involved in severe systemic affections [1–6].The mechanism of antimicrobials resistance in staphylococci was due to the acquisition of mobile genetic elements like plasmids and/or transposons [7–10]
Bacterial isolation and identification Microbiological analysis of food samples was done according to NF EN ISO 6888-1/A1 standard procedure according to the IOS [28] and for clinical samples was done by the method described previously [29]
Out of 51 staphylococci isolated from food samples, 49 staphylococci (33 S. aureus and 15 coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS)) were resistant to at least one tested antibiotic (96.1%) (Table 1)
Summary
Ninety-six staphylococci were isolated, identified and classified as 51 staphylococci (33 S. aureus and 18 CoNS) from food samples, 27 staphylococci (21 S. aureus and 6 CoNS) from community-acquired clinical samples and 18 S. aureus from hospital-acquired clinical samples, respectively. The resistance rates of S. aureus and CoNS isolated from clinical samples to penicillin were 92.3% and 50.0%, respectively while those to tetracycline were 48.7% and 50.0% for S. aureus and CoNS, respectively. In food isolates tetM was the most prevalent gene detected in S. aureus and CoNS with 66.7% and 88.9%, respectively. No significant difference for the detection of antibiotics resistance genes was observed between S. aureus and CoNS isolated from food samples (P > 0.05). Regarding staphylococci from clinical samples, mecA was the most detectable resistance-associated gene in S. aureus originated from the hospital with 17 isolates (94.4%) and in the community with 19 isolates (90.5%). For tetracycline resistant isolates 46.7% and 53.3% harboured tetK and tetM, respectively In clinical isolates the correlation between resistance and mecA gene was very high with 100% and 92.8% in hospital-acquired and community-acquired S. aureus
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