Emerging Nanobiotechnology Solutions for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases

Abstract

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force in combating infectious diseases, especially highlighted by its applications during the COVID - 19 pandemic. This review discusses the multifaceted roles of nanotechnology in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, therapeutic efficacy and vaccine development. It emphasizes the critical importance of rapid, sensitive diagnostics for early infection identification, utilizing fluorescent nanoparticles and nanosensors that enable detection at unprecedentedly low and light concentrations. Additionally, the review explores the development of nanoparticle - based drug delivery systems for targeted therapy and immune response modulation, which promise to improve the outcomes of infectious disease treatment. The potential of point - of - care POC diagnostics leveraging nanotechnology for real - time cost - effective and portable disease monitoring, particularlyin resource - limited settings, is thoroughly examined. Through detailed examples including graphene - based biosensors and nanoparticles enhanced immunotherapeutics, the paper illustrates how nanotechnology is reshaping the landscape of infectious disease management, offering novel solutions to the age - old problems of diagnosis, treatment and prevention, challenges such as cost, regulatory approval and the need for global collaboration are acknowledged. Alongside the optimistic outlook for nanotechnology role is advancing public health and global infectious disease.