Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one abundant class of small, endogenous non-coding RNAs, which regulate various biological processes by inhibiting expression of target genes. miRNAs have important functional roles in carcinogenesis and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and emerging evidence has indicated the feasibility of miRNAs as robust cancer biomarkers. This review summarizes the progress in miRNA-related research, including study of its oncogene or tumour-suppressor roles and the advantages of miRNA biomarkers for CRC diagnosis, treatment and recurrence prediction. Along with analytical technique improvements in miRNA research, use of the emerging extracellular miRNAs is feasible for CRC diagnosis and prognosis.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and a leading cause of death worldwide [1,2,3]
As CRC develops slowly from removable precancerous lesions, early screening can reduce the incidence and mortality of this malignancy, and relevant diagnosis or prognosis biomarkers will be helpful for assessing tumour initiation, progression and response to treatment in CRC [7,8]
The candidate miRNA biomarkers are usually screened through exploring differential expression profiling of miRNAs in CRC tissues compared with the paired neighbouring non-cancerous colorectal tissues
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and a leading cause of death worldwide [1,2,3]. CTHRC1 ZEB1 CDC42 YY1 SRPX2 ACSL/SCD metadherin Notch PAX6 Capn ZEB1 HDGF LRH-1 COX-2 and ALOX5 CNR1 APC INPP5E Par PTEN TP53INP1 ATG12 PDHX effects suppress cell proliferation, promote cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inhibit epithelial to mesenchymal transition inhibit colorectal cancer cell growth and death resensitization to fas/FasL-apoptosis facilitates cell glycolysis inhibit invasion in colon cancer cells inhibit cell migration and invasion inhibit cell proliferation and invasion inhibit cell proliferation and invasion suppress cell proliferation and invasion inhibit cell proliferation, metastasis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition reduce cell proliferation and invasion inhibit cell proliferation and invasion suppress cell proliferation promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion promote cell growth promote cell proliferation and cell cycle progression promote cell proliferation and reduce apoptosis promote cell proliferation and reduce apoptosis promote cell proliferation and reduce apoptosis promote radiosensitivity by inhibiting IR-induced autophagy inhibit glucose metabolism ref. The candidate miRNA biomarkers are usually screened through exploring differential expression profiling of miRNAs in CRC tissues compared with the paired neighbouring non-cancerous colorectal tissues. The emerging extracellular miRNAs are illustrated as CRC biomarkers, owing to improvements in the detection approaches for miRNAs
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