Abstract
This extensive study explores the field of novel biomarkers for the early detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD), looking at a variety of indicators, including circulating endothelial cells, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), microRNAs, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). The review emphasizes how important these indicators are to improving CVD risk assessment, prognosis, and treatment plans. While each biomarker offers distinct insights into particular facets of cardiovascular health, multi-biomarker panel integration is suggested for a more thorough knowledge. The paper also discusses the difficulties with standardization, moral issues, and legal restrictions related to using these biomarkers in therapeutic settings. In addition, the revolutionary potential of these new biomarkers in conjunction with state-of-the-art technologies is emphasized, providing a promising path towards precision cardiovascular care and customized medicine
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