Abstract
Using Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations we investigate the self-organization of a monolayer of chiral active particles with dipolar interactions. Each particle is driven by both, translational and rotational self-propulsion, and carries a permanent point dipole moment at its center. The direction of the translational propulsion for each particle is chosen to be parallel to its dipole moment. Simulations are performed at high dipolar coupling strength and a density below that related to motility-induced phase separation in simple active Brownian particles. Despite this restriction, we observe a wealth of phenomena including formation of two types of vortices, phase separation, and flocking transitions. To understand the appearance and disappearance of vortices in the many-particle system, we further investigate the dynamics of simple ring structures under the impact of self-propulsion.
Highlights
A prominent example of such complex behavior is motility-induced phase separation (MIPS), which occurs in systems of disk-shaped, active Brownian particles above a critical density Fcrit.[13,14,15,16,17]
Based on Brownian dynamics simulations, we explore a wide range of the particle motility and the active angular speed at a large dipolar coupling strength and a low density
For a finite motility vÃ0 and in the limit of linear swimmers oÃ0 1⁄4 0, our model reduces to the model of dipolar active Brownian particles.[46]
Summary
Systems of self-propelled particles consist of a large number of motile constituents, each of which is capable of continuously converting energy from an internal source or the surroundings into mechanical motion.[1,2] Examples of biological self-propelled particles can be found over a wide range of length and time scales, from bird flocks, fish schools, mammalian herds, and pedestrian crowds in our daily life, to bacteria, sperm cells, and microtubules at the microscale.[3,4] Self-propelled particles can be synthesized in the laboratory, famous examples including bimetallic nanorods,[5,6] spherical Janus particles,[7,8] and magnetic rollers.[9,10,11] It is well established that already relatively simple systems of self-propelled particles can display complex collective behavior, giving rise to a still increasing scientific interest.[12] A prominent example of such complex behavior is motility-induced phase separation (MIPS), which occurs in systems of disk-shaped, active Brownian particles above a critical density Fcrit.[13,14,15,16,17] Another ‘‘classical’’ example is the flocking transition in the Vicsek model,[18] a system of self-propelled point-like particles with ferromagnetic interactions
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