Abstract
A limiting temperature of a species can cause the Universe to asymptote to it yielding a deSitter (dS) phase due to macroscopic emergent behavior. The limiting temperature is generic for theories slightly shifted from their conformal point. We demonstrate such behavior in the example of unparticles/Banks-Zaks theory. The unparticles behave like radiation at high energies reducing the Hubble tension, and a cosmological constant (CC) at low energies yielding a model that follows closely {\Lambda}CDM model but due to collective phenomenon. It is technically natural and avoids the no-dS conjecture. The model is free of the coincidence and initial conditions problems, of scalar fields and of modified gravity.
Highlights
The cosmological data from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) [1] as well as the discovery of the acceleration of the Universe [2,3] strongly suggest that the Universe is partially filled with dark energy (DE) [4], which currently constitutes around 70% of the energy density of the Universe
The simplest model that explains these measurements assumes that DE is a cosmological constant (CC) with the energy density of order of ρDE ∼ 10−119M4p, where Mp ≃ 2.435 × 1018 GeV is the reduced Planck mass
Assuming DE is a true CC one obtains ρDE ⋘ M4, where M could be taken as any fundamental scale of known physics, such as Mp ≃ 1018, MEW ∼ 102, or MQCD ∼ 0.3 GeV [6]
Summary
University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland (Received 18 October 2020; accepted 3 May 2021; published 11 June 2021). A limiting temperature of a species can cause the Universe to asymptote to it yielding a de-Sitter (dS) phase due to macroscopic emergent behavior. The limiting temperature is generic for theories slightly shifted from their conformal point. We demonstrate such behavior in the example of unparticles/BanksZaks theory. The unparticles behave like radiation at high energies reducing the Hubble tension and a cosmological constant at low energies yielding a model that follows closely Λ cold dark matter model but due to collective phenomenon. It is technically natural and avoids the no-dS conjecture. The model is free of the coincidence and initial conditions problems, scalar fields, and modified gravity
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