Abstract
Flexible white organic light-emitting diodes (FWOLEDs) have considerable potential to meet the rapidly growing requirements of display and lighting commercialization. To achieve high-performance FWOLEDs, (i) the selection of effective flexible substrates, (ii) the use of transparent conducting electrodes, (iii) the introduction of efficient device architectures, and iv) the exploitation of advanced outcoupling techniques are necessary. In this review, recent state-of-the-art strategies to develop FWOLEDs have been summarized. Firstly, the fundamental concepts of FWOLEDs have been described. Then, the primary approaches to realize FWOLEDs have been introduced. Particularly, the effects of flexible substrates, conducting electrodes, device architectures, and outcoupling techniques in FWOLEDs have been comprehensively highlighted. Finally, issues and ways to further enhance the performance of FWOLEDs have been briefly clarified.
Highlights
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are entering the mainstream display and lighting market thanks to their exceptional merits such as high efficiency, low power consumption, fast response, and their outstanding compatibility with flexible substrates [1,2,3,4,5]
In the case of traditional white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) based on glass substrates, the power efficiency (PE) has been increased from the initial value of 0.83 lm W−1 [57,58] to the current value of 123 lm W−1 at 1000 cd m−2 (EQE: 54.6%) in the literature [59]
Small energy gap (∆EST ) between triplet excited state (T1 ) and singlet excited state (S1 ) [88,89,90,91,92], respectively. Both singlet and triplet excitons will be harvested. Keeping these facts in mind, the efficiency of flexible WOLEDs (FWOLEDs) can be as high as that of traditional WOLEDs based on glass substrates [93]
Summary
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are entering the mainstream display and lighting market thanks to their exceptional merits such as high efficiency, low power consumption, fast response, and their outstanding compatibility with flexible substrates [1,2,3,4,5]. Both singlet and triplet excitons will be harvested Keeping these facts in mind, the efficiency of FWOLEDs (e.g., a maximum EQE of 72.4% and PE of 168.5 lm W-2 ) can be as high as that of traditional WOLEDs based on glass substrates [93]. We will summarize recent state-of-the-art strategies to develop FWOLEDs. Firstly, we will describe the fundamental concepts of flexible OLEDs. we will introduce the main strategies to realize FWOLEDs. we will comprehensively highlight the effects of flexible substrates, conducting electrodes, device architectures, and outcoupling techniques in FWOLEDs, which are expected to give a deep understanding of developing FWOLEDs. we will briefly clarify issues and ways to further enhance the performance of FWOLEDs
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